Figure.1 The geographical location of (a) Xinjiang, (b) Tuha
Basin, and (c) land cover map of Tuha Basin in 2020.
2.2 Datasets
Oasis data are extracted from GLC_FCS30 in Earth System Science Data
(https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2753-2021/), with 30 m spatial
resolution and 5-year interval from 1990 to 2020. GLC_FCS30 data
classified land types into cropland, forest, shrubland, grassland,
wetlands, built-up, bare land, water body, and permanent ice and snow.
Because of the tiny coverage in Tuha Basin, wetland was merged into
water body. Compared with the apparent vertical zonality of mountainous
areas, oasis owns intrazonal characteristics (Zhang et al. , 2021;
Zhou et al. , 2010). Therefore, in this study, the areas with the
elevation higher than 2500 m and between 500 m and 2500 m with the slope
greater than 25⁰ were regarded as mountainous areas and masked out
(Kapos et al. , 2000; Körner et al. , 2017, 2021).
Oasis dynamics are mainly affected by natural and human factors (Chenet al. , 2023). Natural factors are characterized by wide ranges
and long duration, but they have minor short-term effects on oases
dynamics (Zhang et al. , 2021; Zhou et al. , 2017). Two
natural factors, precipitation and temperature, were collected from
National Tibetan Plateau Science Data Center (https://data.tpdc.ac.cn)
with 1 km spatial resolution throughout the growing seasons (from May to
July). Human factors had further impacts on oasis dynamics, but they
were limited in local ranges (Amuti & Luo, 2014; Xiao et al. ,
2019). Four human factors, total power of agricultural machinery, total
output value of the plantation industry, production of raw coal, and
population were acquired from the Xinjiang statistic yearbook, which
were collected during the same periods as LULC data.