Figure 1 - Biogenesis of miRNA. Initial steps include the
formation of pre-miRNA followed by nuclear export and subsequent
cleavage to form matured miRNA and further the fate of the matured miRNA
is decided by the RISC complex attachment
miRNA in the progression of ADs
miRNAs have always been considered as major contributors to the regular
immune system functioning, immunological tolerance pathways and
autoimmunity. Recent research from clinical investigations and animal
models indicates that miRNAs play a role in the etiology of various ADs.
A number of ADs in humans have a significant association between their
progression and the abnormal miRNA expression . In peripheral and
central lymphoid organs, miRNAs function at a number of checkpoints to
sustain immunological tolerance and combat ADs.Figure 2 - Overview of role of miRNA involved in the
disease pathogenesis, biomarker detection and development of miRNA-based
therapeutics for different ADsLatest evidence has now established specific miRNAs that regulate the
lineage specificity and effector potentials of T helper subsets to
promote immunological homeostasis .
Table 1 - Different ADs and their respective miRNAs
associated with disease pathogenesis