Figure 1 - Biogenesis of miRNA. Initial steps include the formation of pre-miRNA followed by nuclear export and subsequent cleavage to form matured miRNA and further the fate of the matured miRNA is decided by the RISC complex attachment
miRNA in the progression of ADs
miRNAs have always been considered as major contributors to the regular immune system functioning, immunological tolerance pathways and autoimmunity. Recent research from clinical investigations and animal models indicates that miRNAs play a role in the etiology of various ADs. A number of ADs in humans have a significant association between their progression and the abnormal miRNA expression . In peripheral and central lymphoid organs, miRNAs function at a number of checkpoints to sustain immunological tolerance and combat ADs.Figure 2 - Overview of role of miRNA involved in the disease pathogenesis, biomarker detection and development of miRNA-based therapeutics for different ADsLatest evidence has now established specific miRNAs that regulate the lineage specificity and effector potentials of T helper subsets to promote immunological homeostasis .
Table 1 - Different ADs and their respective miRNAs associated with disease pathogenesis