2.1 Reagents
P. ginseng purchased from Wudu County (Gansu Province, China). The roots of P. ginseng were dried in the shade and ground into powder. Standard monosaccharides, including rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid were all obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). All chemicals used were of analytical grade unless otherwise specified.