2.9 Western blotting
For Western blot analysis, the total proteins from the colon cells were
collected in RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, Beijing, China). Samples (40
μg each) were separated onto 12% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to a
PVDF membrane (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). Membranes were
incubated overnight with related primary antibodies at a 1:1000
dilution.