Statistical analysis
Categorical variables were described as frequency (percentage) and continuous variables as median (interquartile range). Continuous and categorical variables were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and the χ2 test respectively. Fisher exact test was used when the data were limited. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the association between NOAF with in-hospital mortality. A 2-sided α of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software, version 26.0 software (IBM SPSS Statistics).