CoronaVac (PiCoVacc)/ Sinovac Research & Development Co., Ltd |
Inactivated (SARS-CoV2 inactivation using β-propiolactone following
production in Vero cells) |
Neutralizing antibody induction in mice, rat
& NHP, partial-to-complete protection in macaques |
Safe &
immunogenic, induction of neutralizing antibodies in healthy volunteers
( ˃ 90%) |
2/IM (0 & 14 days) |
Phase III |
[38, 52, 54,
55] |
COVID-19 vaccine/ Wuhan Institute of Biological Products & Sinopharm |
Inactivated (SARS-CoV2 inactivation using β-propiolactone following
production in Vero cells ) |
Unavailable |
Safe & immunogenic with low
adverse reactions |
2/IM (0 & 21 days) |
Phase III |
[52,
56] |
BBIBP-CorV/ Beijing Institute of Biological Products & Sinopharm |
Inactivated (SARS-CoV2 inactivation using β-propiolactone following
production in Vero cells ) |
Protection in macaques without ADE, robust
neutralizing antibody responses in guinea pigs, mice, rats, rabbits &
NHPs even with the lowest dose |
Safe & well-tolerated, robust immune
response in 100% of vaccine recipients |
2/IM (0 & 21 days) |
Phase
III |
[52, 54, 57, 58] |
AZD1222 (Covishield)/ University of Oxford & AstraZeneca |
Non-Replicating Viral Vector (ChAdOx1-S) |
Pneumonia prevention with
intangible effects on SARS-CoV2 spread in NHP |
High safety, induction
of antibody & T cell responses in ˃ 90% of cases |
2/IM (0 & 28 days) |
Phase III |
[52, 59, 60] |
Ad5-nCoV (Convidecia)/ CanSino Biological Inc. & Beijing Institute of
Biotechnology |
Non-Replicating Viral Vector (adenovirus type 5 Vector
carrying S protein) |
Unavailable |
Safe & immunogenic, induction of
high RBD binding antibody in 94-100% & specific CD4+
& CD8+ T cell responses, high pre-existing anti-Ad5
immunity |
1/IM |
Phase III |
[52, 61] |
Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V)/ Gamaleya Research Institute |
Non-Replicating
Viral Vector (adeno-based (rAd26-S+rAd5-S)) |
Unavailable |
good safety,
strong humoral & cellular immune responses (phase I & II trial but
small sample), high efficacy (91.6%), immunogenicity & good
tolerability in a large cohort study |
2/IM (0 & 21 days) |
Phase III |
[52, 62, 63] |
Ad26.COV2.S/ Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
|
Non-Replicating Viral Vector (adenovirus Type 26 vector carrying S
protein)
|
Immunogenicity & protective efficacy, detectable neutralizing antibody
induction, effective viral clearance
|
Safe & immunogenic in younger & older adults
|
1/IM
2/IM (0 & 56 days)
|
Phase III
|
[52, 64, 65]
|
NVX-CoV2373/ Novavax |
Protein Subunit (Full length recombinant SARS
CoV-2 S protein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix-M1) |
Anti-spike neutralizing antibody responses in animal models |
well-tolerated & safe, high levels of antibody induction |
2/IM (0 &
21 days) |
Phase III |
[52, 66, 67] |
mRNA-1273/ Moderna & NIAID |
RNA (novel LNP-encapsulated mRNA that
encodes full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2) |
Protection against
SARS-CoV2 infection, induction of neutralizing antibodies &
CD8+ T cells in mice models |
Considerable
neutralizing antibody (100%) & CD4+ T cell
responses, safe but causes severe complications in high doses |
2/IM (0
& 28 days) |
Phase III |
[52, 68, 69] |
BNT162b2 (Tozinameran or Comirnaty)/ BioNTech, Fosun Pharma & Pfizer |
RNA (codon-optimized mRNA encodes SARS-CoV-2 full-length S protein
encapsulated in 80 nm ionizable cationic lipid nanoparticles) |
Protection in rhesus macaques and mice, high neutralizing antibody
titers & Th1-biased cellular response in rhesus macaques and mice,
induction of virus specific CD4+ &
CD8+ T cells in macaques |
Well-tolerated & highly
potent, safe & effective (95%), high neutralizing antibody induction,
less systemic reactogenicity particularly in older adults |
2/IM (0 &
21 days) |
Phase II/III |
[52, 70, 71] |
COVID-19 vaccine/ Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical & Institute of
Microbiology & Chinese Academy of Sciences
|
Protein Subunit (adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer) expressed in
CHO cells)
|
Unavailable
|
Unavailable
|
3/IM (0, 28 & 56 days)
2/IM (0 & 28 days)
|
Phase III
|
[52]
|
QazCovid-in®/ Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems & Rep
of Kazakhstan |
Inactivated (inactivated SARS-CoV-2) |
Unavailable |
Unavailable |
2/IM (0 & 21 days) |
Phase III |
[52] |
CVnCoV/ Curevac AG |
RNA (LNP encapsulated sequence optimized mRNA
encodes for full length, pre-fusion stabilized SARS-CoV2 S protein) |
Immunogenicity & protective efficacy, robust antibody & T cell
responses & full lung protection in NHPs |
Unavailable |
2/IM (0 & 28
days) |
Phase III |
[52, 72] |
Covaxin (BBV152 A, B, C)/ Bharat Biotech |
Inactivated (whole-virion
inactivated SARS-CoV2) |
Protective efficacy, increasing SARS-CoV-2
specific IgG & neutralizing antibodies, reducing virus replication in
NHPs, pneumonia prevention without severe adverse events |
Unavailable |
2/IM (0 & 28 days) |
Phase III |
[52, 73] |
COVID-19 vaccine/ Institute of Medical Biology & Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences |
Inactivated (inactivated SARS-CoV2) |
Unavailable |
Unavailable |
2/IM (0 & 28 days) |
Phase III |
[52] |
CoVLP/ Medicago Inc. |
VLP (plant-derived VLP unadjuvanted or adjuvanted
with either CpG 1018 or AS03 ) |
Antibody response induction in mice |
Unavailable |
2/IM (0 & 21 days) |
Phase II/III |
[52,
74] |
ZyCov-D/ Zydus Cadila |
DNA (plasmid DNA with mammalian expression
promoters and the S gene) |
Antibody response including neutralizing
antibodies & T-cell immunity induction in mice, guinea pig & rabbit
models |
Unavailable |
3/ID (0, 28 & 56 days) |
Phase III |
[52,
75] |
UB-612/ COVAXX & United Biomedical Inc |
Protein Subunit
(high-precision designer S1-RBD-protein containing a Th/CTL epitope
peptide pool) |
Unavailable |
Safe & well-tolerated, induction of
specific polyfunctional CD4+/CD8+ T
cell responses, specific neutralizing antibodies (100%) |
2/IM (0 & 28
days) |
Phase III |
[52, 76] |
MVC-COV1901/ Medigen Vaccine Biologics, Dynavax & NIAID |
Protein
Subunit (S-2P adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide) |
Safe,
highly immunogenic, & protective in hamsters (high neutralizing
antibodies) |
Unavailable |
2/IM (0 & 28 days) |
Phase II/III |
[52,
77] |
SCB-2019/ Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc., GSK & Dynavax |
Protein
Subunit (S-trimer protein formulated with either AS03 or CpG/Alum
adjuvants) |
Virus protection, strong neutralizing immune responses in
NHPs |
Safe & well-tolerated, induction of robust humoral & cellular
immune responses with high neutralizing activity |
2/IM (0 & 28 days) |
Phase II/III |
[52, 78, 79] |
AG0301 COVID19/ AnGes, Takara Bio & Osaka University |
DNA (plasmid DNA
vaccine developed using an intradermal gene transfer method expressing
SARS-CoV-2 S protein) |
Unavailable |
Unavailable |
2/IM (0 & 14 days) |
Phase II/III |
[52] |
INO-4800/ Inovio Pharmaceuticals, International Vaccine Institute &
Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd |
DNA (plasmid DNA
encoding S protein with electroporation delivery mechanism) |
Induction
of functional antibody & T-cell responses |
Immunogenic, induction of
neutralizing antibodies as well as CD4+ and
CD8+ T cell responses |
2/ID (0 & 28 days) |
Phase
II/III |
[52, 80, 81] |