2D echocardiographic data:
The echocardiograms (echo) were performed with Philips iE33 or Epic
systems. The data was collected from the accompanying reports, including
chamber volumes, function, and valvular descriptions.
MR type was determined from the medical record and echo report. When
echo or chart evidence demonstrated both functional MR and degenerative
(such as calcified mitral valve) the patient was categorized as mixed.
MR severity, based on qualitative assessment, graded as 0 (none/trace)
to +4 (Severe) and chamber parameters, included left ventricular end
diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction
(EF), left atrial volume index (LAVi), and right ventricular systolic
pressure (RVSP) were abstracted from the reports.
If any of these parameters were not available on the reports, they were
obtained by direct review of the echos by an echocardiography-certified
cardiologist using the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)
Guidelines for Chamber Quantification.