2D echocardiographic data:
The echocardiograms (echo) were performed with Philips iE33 or Epic systems. The data was collected from the accompanying reports, including chamber volumes, function, and valvular descriptions.
MR type was determined from the medical record and echo report. When echo or chart evidence demonstrated both functional MR and degenerative (such as calcified mitral valve) the patient was categorized as mixed.
MR severity, based on qualitative assessment, graded as 0 (none/trace) to +4 (Severe) and chamber parameters, included left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), left atrial volume index (LAVi), and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were abstracted from the reports.
If any of these parameters were not available on the reports, they were obtained by direct review of the echos by an echocardiography-certified cardiologist using the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) Guidelines for Chamber Quantification.