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\begin{document}

\title{Total Flavonoids of Astragalus activate T cell anti-tumor immunity by
reducing myeloidderived suppressor cells in 4T1 mammary tumor mice}



\author[1]{Jing Wang}%
\author[1]{Ke Li}%
\author[1]{Yue Liu}%
\author[1]{Xuemei Qin}%
\author[1]{Changxin Wu}%
\affil[1]{Shanxi University}%


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  \date{May 22, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population
of immature myeloid cells that increase in tumor-bearing hosts and
suppress anti-tumor immunity to promote tumor growth and development.
Thus, reducing the number or inhibiting the function of MDSCs may
enhance anti-tumor immunity. Total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) are
the main active components of Astragalus. The immunoregulatory effects
of TFA have recently been extensively studied. However, the effect of
TFA on MDSCs still remaines unknown. In the present study, we found that
TFA treatment significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of MDSCs on
T cell proliferation in 4T1 mammary tumor mice. TFA decreased MDSCs
accumulation in the bone marrow(BM), circulating blood, spleen, and
tumor bed, whereas increased the percentage and activation of T cells in
4T1 mammary tumor mouse model. In addition, TFA treatment significantly
reduced the number of MDSCs in BM cells induced by GM-CSF or the tumor
burden in vitro. Mechanistically, the reduction of MDSCs was partially
caused by increasing intracellular ROS level, which increased the
apoptosis of Gr-1+ cells. In addition,TFA reduced the expression of iNOS
and Arg-1 in both protein and transcription level. In conclusion,TFA
could activate systemic T cell immunity by inducing apoptosis and
inhibiting the function of MDSCs, suggesting that TFA has potential
clinical benefits as it selectively attenuates MDSC-induced
immunosuppression.%
\end{abstract}%



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