Fig. 1. Males (blue nodes/puma silhouettes) were dominant in the FIVpco transmission network in the treatment region (a) whereas females (pink nodes/puma silhouettes) were more central in the transmission network in the stable region (b). Nodes connected to each other via edges indicate the probability of transmission in either direction. Node size in the networks (left) is scaled based on the number of edges estimated for each individual. Edge width is scaled according to the probability of the transmission events, where wider edges indicate a more likely transmission event (see Fig. S1). R0 estimates (with 95% highest posterior density (HPD)) are based on the stochastic branching epidemiological model underlying each transmission network (see Materials & Methods , (Didelot et al. 2017)). Transmission trees (right) show these putative transmission events through time with branch color indicating how many missing edges are likely between individuals. Orange: lag 1 period from the start of the no-hunting period when males are recruited into the study area and lag 2 period at the start of the hunting period until the population declines; yellow: hunting pressure relieved; red: hunting pressure resumed; grey: stable region. White nodes: unsampled individuals estimate by the model. I: individuals that were likely immigrants in this region based on (Trumbo et al. 2019). See Figure S2 for the FIVpco generation time distributions for each region and Figure S3 for the estimate of missing cases across years