5. Conclusion
To summarize, the present study showed that the mRNA levels, proteins and metabolites had significantly altered in polyphagous C. punctiferalis and oligophagous C. pinicolalis by the multi-omics techniques and all the data were mainly closely related to metabolism and redox. In particular, the mutations of α-amylase and CYP6AE76 gene lead to differences in gene expression levels and enzyme activities, resulting from long-term evolutionary selection between the two species. These findings increase our understanding of the two species and offer new perspectives for revealing the molecular mechanisms of polyphagous and oligophagous.