Fig. 8. Structure of SLA [85].
Researchers have reviewed that archaeosome possesses strong immune adjuvant activity for induction of cell-mediated immunity [86]. However, traditional archaeosome formulations are complex. SLA is a simpler formulation that possesses immunostimulatory properties and elicit an CD 8+ T cell response [87]. Moreover, it also induces strong adjuvant effect on the production of multiple cytokines/chemokines including IL-6, G-CSF, KC & MI P-2, and CTL activity[88].
To confirm the potential immunostimulatory of SLA, Stark et al. have evaluated it as an adjuvant with different antigens, including ovalbumin (OVA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [89]. The result revealed that SLA has strong adjuvant activity, and it attractively superior to various other established adjuvants including TLR3/4/9 agonists, oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions and aluminum hydroxide (Fig. 9).