Conclusions

HDTs offer a unique treatment strategy to combat Mtb infections, but are challenged by complex and multiscale interactions between drug, host and pathogen. Several key mechanisms are of interest to be exploited as HDTs but are facing challenges in translation towards clinically effective treatment strategies. The combined use of multiple in vitro and in vivo experimental infection models can offer a more complete, quantitative and predictive understanding of drug-host-pathogen interactions. This should be combined with QSP modelling strategies that integrate data to enable translation towards patients and to help designing optimal clinical treatment strategies for HDTs in combination with classical antibiotics.