MSCs-EXO suppress inflammation via the MAPK pathway
As shown in Figure 6, the mRNA levels of JUN , FOS ,ERK , JNK , IKB , and IKK were significantly higher in the AR group than in the control group, while the mRNA levels of JUN , FOS , ERK , and JNK were significantly lower in the MSCs-Exo group than in the AR group but higher than in the control group. Furthermore, there were no differences in the mRNA levels of IKK and IKB between the AR group and the MSCs-Exo group. These results imply that AR might stimulate inflammation by activating the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, while MSCs-Exo alleviates inflammation by inhibiting the MAPK pathway.