Diagnostic Methods
Direct microscopy and histopathology demonstrating invasive fungal pathogens in the sinonasal mucosa served as the gold standard for diagnosis of AIFR. Cultures were used for identification of the fungal pathogen. Panfungal PCR, which was first introduced to our institution in 2011, was used for rapid detection of the fungal species in addition to the standard detection methods.
All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scans of the head and sinuses, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used in cases where intracranial complications were suspected.