Preparation of the coatings
APTES (0.580 g), GPTMS (0.620 g), HO-PDMS-OH (1.800 g), and dibutyltin
dilaurate (DBTL, 0.010 g) were thoroughly mixed in a sealed container
via stirring at 300 rpm for 24 h. This stirring treatment was performed
in order to enhance the homogeneity of the coating. The precursors
could be applied onto various kinds
of substrates via spray-, dip-, or paint-coating techniques, and the
coatings were spontaneously formed at room temperature over a period of
7 days.