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\begin{document}

\title{Menstrual Symptom Disorders After COVID-19 in Relation To Anxiety and
Long COVID Symptoms}



\author[1]{Buket Akinci}%
\author[1]{Damla Korkmaz Dayican}%
\author[1]{Eyüp Günay}%
\author[1]{Nilgün Coşar}%
\author[1]{Hakan Ötün}%
\author[1]{Rumeysa Kılınç}%
\author[1]{İnci Kurban}%
\author[1]{Kübra Punar}%
\author[1]{Elif Karagülle}%
\author[1]{Ecem Nasırlı}%
\author[1]{Ezgi Altıparmak}%
\author[1]{Semiha Açıkalın}%
\author[1]{Serhat Başçi}%
\affil[1]{Biruni University, Faculty of Health Sciences}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 17, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Aim and objectives: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can affect the
menstrual cycle and menstrual volume. We aimed to examine the changes in
menstrual symptoms of women who had recovered from COVID-19 and
determine the factors affecting these changes. Methods: A questionnaire,
prepared using Google Forms, was completed online in May 18-31, 2021 by
180 women (26.08\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.62 years) who had recovered from COVID-19. Menstrual
symptoms, menstrual pain severity, fatigue severity and anxiety levels
of the participants were assessed with Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire
(MSQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS),
Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), respectively. Results: Post-COVID-19
individuals' MSQ total scores and subgroup scores, FSS scores and
menstrual pain showed a statistically significant increase compared to
pre-COVID-19 (p \textless{} 0.001 for all). Multiple linear regression
analysis identified age at menarche and change in FSS and VAS scores as
significant contributors to 38.4\% of the variance explained in the
significant regression for change in MSQ score (F (3.176) = 38.23, p
\textless{} 0.001). Individuals with prolonged fatigue, muscle--joint
pain and dyspnea symptoms showed increased MSQ total scores (p = 0.006,
p = 0.009, p = 0.046 respectively) and negative effects/somatic
complaints subgroup scores (p = 0.004, p = 0.002, p = 0.017
respectively). Also, individuals with prolonged gastrointestinal
symptoms showed increased pain symptoms (p = 0.029) and coping methods
subgroup scores (p = 0.002), while those with prolonged muscle and joint
pain showed increased coping methods (p = 0.022) subgroup scores.
Conclusion: In this study, we observed worsened menstrual symptoms,
fatigue, and menstrual pain severity in women recovered from COVID-19.
In addition, age at menarche and fatigue and menstrual pain scores
differences after COVID-19 were determiners of the changes in menstrual
symptoms. Menstrual symptoms were more severe in women who have
prolonged fatigue, dyspnea, muscle--joint pain, and gastrointestinal
symptoms.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy


\textbf{INTRODUCTION}

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease that
affects many organs of the body, most commonly the lungs, and has short-
and long-term consequences.\textsuperscript{1} Regardless of disease
severity, the most frequently reported persisting symptoms after
COVID-19 are fatigue and dyspnea.\textsuperscript{2}

The World Health Organization has revealed that women's health is more
adversely affected by COVID-19 than that of
men.\textsuperscript{3}Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which
plays a key role in the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into cells, is expressed in high amounts in
the female genital organs, such as the ovaries, uterus, vagina, and
placenta,\textsuperscript{4}which may pose a risk for female
reproductive functions, leading to infertility, fetal distress, or
menstrual cycle disorders.\textsuperscript{5} ACE2 is responsible for
balancing the levels of angiotensin II enzyme, which initiates
menstruation.\textsuperscript{5} ACE2 expression in the uterine tissue
varies according to age and menstrual cycle phase,\textsuperscript{6}and
these changes may result in impaired uterine
bleeding.\textsuperscript{5}

Limited number of studies have examined the effects of COVID-19 on the
menstrual cycle. Li et al. examined menstrual cycle in women who had
recovered from COVID-19 and determined that one-fifth of infected women,
more commonly those with severe disease, have decreased menstrual volume
or prolonged menstrual cycle.\textsuperscript{7} Different phases of
menstruation are associated with distinctive hormonal, physical, and
mental changes.\textsuperscript{8} Stress, exercise, and life changes
can cause menstrual problems.\textsuperscript{9} Dysmenorrhea is the
most common menstrual problem.\textsuperscript{10} In a study examining
the effect of pandemic stress on the menstrual cycle, 36.9\% of women
had irregular menstrual cycles and 38.8\% experienced
dysmenorrhea.\textsuperscript{11} In addition, 52.6\% of women have
reported a change in their menstrual cycle during the quarantine period.
Therefore, stress during the pandemic is significantly associated with
changes in the menstrual cycle.\textsuperscript{12}

The effects of COVID-19 on body systems and functions are being
investigated from the different perspectives. The studies examining the
effects of COVID-19 on the menstrual cycle are limited and to the best
of our knowledge, no study evaluated the changes in menstrual symptoms
of women who have had COVID-19.\textsuperscript{7,11,12} We hypothesized
that menstrual symptoms may worsen in women who had recovered from
COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to examine the changes in menstrual
symptoms of women who had recovered from COVID-19 and determine the
factors affecting these changes.

\textbf{METHODS}

This cross-sectional study was based on retrospective and prospective
inquiries. An online questionnaire prepared using Google Forms
application was sent to 196 women between May 18 and 31, 2021. We
included all volunteers who answered the questionnaire, were aged 18--45
years, had been diagnosed with COVID-19 (based on a confirmed positive
polymerase chain reaction test result that was emailed to us), were
fluent in Turkish, and were in the menstrual phase at the time of
inclusion. Individuals who were in the premenopausal--postmenopausal
period, unable to email their PCR results, or unable to answer the
questionnaire adequately were excluded. The study protocol was approved
by the Non-Interventional Ethics Committee of Biruni University (No:
2021/47-45) and registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04806815). The
study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of
Helsinki, and all participants provided informed consent at the
beginning of the study.

Data on sociodemographic characteristics, the history of COVID-19, and
prolonged symptoms were recorded. Menstrual symptoms, menstrual pain
severity, fatigue severity, and anxiety levels were assessed using the
Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),
Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS),
respectively.

Participants were asked to answer all questions included in the MSQ,
taking into account their menstrual periods before and after their
COVID-19 diagnosis. The MSQ consists of 22 items divided into three
subgroups (Factor 1-negative effects/somatic complaints {[}1-13{]},
Factor 2-pain symptoms {[}14-19{]}, and Factor 3-coping methods
{[}20-22{]}), with each item scored from 1 and 5, designed to assess
menstrual pain and symptoms. The total MSQ score is calculated by adding
the mean scores of the items included in the subgroups and ranges from
22 to 110. Higher scores indicate increased menstrual symptom
severity.\textsuperscript{13,14}

VAS was used to score patients' menstrual pain severity, with scores
ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain).\textsuperscript{15}

The FSS questionnaire consists of nine Likert-type questions, with each
question scored from 1 to 7, and scores [?]4 indicating severe fatigue.
The participants were asked to answer all questions, while considering
what they experienced before and after their COVID-19 diagnosis. The
total score ranges from 9 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater
severity.\textsuperscript{16,17}

The CAS is used to assess dysfunctional anxiety. Participants were asked
to rate their frequency of anxiety episodes when exposed to thoughts or
information about COVID-19 on a five-point scale, ranging from 0 (not at
all) to 4 (almost every day). A total score of [?]9 indicated
coronavirus-related anxiety.\textsuperscript{18,19}

\textbf{Statistical Analysis}

The Statistical Package for Social Science program (v23; SPSS, Chicago,
IL) was used for statistical analysis. Data were expressed as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}±
standard deviation or percentages. The Kolmogorov--Smirnov test was used
to analyze the normality of the variables, all parameters were
non-normally distributed. The Wilcoxon signed rank test used for the
comparison of menstrual symptoms, menstrual pain severity, and fatigue
severity of individuals before and after COVID-19. Inter correlations
between the changes ((post COVID-19) - (pre-COVID)) in MSQ, MSQ subgroup
scores, fatigue and menstrual pain and coronavirus anxiety were computed
using Spearman correlation. Independent variables based on univariate
analysis were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis to
determine the multivariate influence of the predictors of the \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ
scores. The adjusted R\textsuperscript{2} was used to explain the total
variance. Subjects' the \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ scores and subgroup scores compared based
on demographic features and prolonged COVID-19 symptoms using Mann
Whitney-U test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set
at p \textless{} 0.05 for all analysis.

\textbf{RESULTS}

A total of 196 individuals initially met the inclusion criteria;
however, 16 individuals were excluded from the study because they did
not complete the questionnaire. Therefore, 180 participants were
included. The mean age was 26.08 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 6.62 years, while the mean age at
menarche was 13.28 ± 1.35 years.

The patients' sociodemographic and COVID-19 disease related data are
shown in Table 1. None of the participants were diagnosed with female
reproductive diseases. Three (1.7\%) participants had been admitted due
to pneumonia and hypoxemia, 17 (9.4\%) participants had COVID-19-related
pulmonary radiological findings, and 95 (52.8\%) participants had been
treated with favipiravir. The most common prolonged COVID-19 symptoms
were fatigue (52.8\%), muscle--joint pain (38.3\%), and headache
(32.2\%).

Pre- and post-COVID-19 MSQ scores, FSS scores, and VAS scores are shown
in Table 2. After the diagnosis of COVID-19, the individuals had
significantly higher MSQ total scores (Z = -4.196), negative
effects/somatic complaints (Z = -3.970), pain symptoms (Z = -3.342),
coping methods subgroup scores of MSQ (Z = -2.469), FSS scores (Z =
-8.929), and menstrual pain scores (Z = -5.265) than those before the
diagnosis of COVID-19.

The correlation between \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ scores and age, body mass index, age at
menarche, \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}FSS scores, \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}menstrual pain, and CAS scores was examined. \selectlanguage{greek}Δ
\selectlanguage{english}MSQ scores had a significant negative mild-to-moderate correlation with
the age at menarche (r = -0.158) and a significant positive
mild-to-moderate correlation with the \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}FSS score (r = 0.516) and the \selectlanguage{greek}Δ
\selectlanguage{english}menstrual pain score (r = 0.334). A negative significant correlation was
found between age at menarche and \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ-negative effects/somatic
complaints subgroup scores (r = -0.160) and \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ-coping methods
subgroup scores (r = -0.185). \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}FSS and \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}menstrual pain scores were
positively correlated with negative effects/somatic complaints subgroup
scores (r = 0.528 and r = 0.299, respectively), pain symptoms subgroup
scores (r = 0.45 and r = 0.337, respectively) and coping methods
subgroup scores (r = 0.368 and r = 371, respectively) (Table 3).

Multiple linear regression analysis identified age at menarche and FSS
and VAS scores as significant contributors to 38.4\% of the variance
explained in the significant regression for MSQ scores (F (3.176) =
38.23, p \textless{} 0.001; Table 4).

The \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ scores of the individuals did not differ according to
education level, smoking status or time passed after the diagnosis of
COVID-19. The \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ scores of the individuals were compared according to
the prolonged COVID-19 symptoms. Individuals with prolonged fatigue,
muscle--joint pain, and dyspnea symptoms showed increased \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ total
scores (Z = -2.775, Z = -2.594, Z = -1.994, respectively) and \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}negative
effects/somatic complaints subgroup scores (Z = -2.907, Z = -3.052, Z =
-2.393, respectively). Individuals with prolonged gastrointestinal
symptoms showed increased \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}pain symptoms subgroup scores (Z = -2.182)
and coping methods subgroup scores (Z = -3.082), while those with
prolonged muscle and joint pain symptoms showed increased \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}coping
methods subgroup scores (Z = -2.288) (Table 5).

The sample size of the study was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.4
Sample Size Calculator program (Universitat D\selectlanguage{ngerman}üsseldorf), considering the
180-person sample and the \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ total score after COVID-19 diagnosis
(2.29 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 8.16). Accordingly, the power of the study was calculated to be
96.2\% (\selectlanguage{greek}α \selectlanguage{english}= 0.05).

\textbf{DISCUSSION}

Our cross-sectional study aimed to examine the changes in menstrual
symptoms of women had recovered from COVID-19 and determine the factors
associated with these changes. Our results showed that menstrual
symptoms, fatigue, and menstrual pain severity worsened in women after
being diagnosed with COVID-19. In addition, age at menarche and fatigue
and menstrual pain scores differences after COVID-19 were determiners of
the changes in menstrual symptoms. Menstrual symptoms were more severe
in women with prolonged fatigue, dyspnea, muscle--joint pain, and
gastrointestinal symptoms.

Menstruation, which is controlled by the uterus, ovary, and brain, can
be affected by various infections, medications, or other organ
dysfunctions.\textsuperscript{20} SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to cause
menstrual cycle disorders by affecting female reproductive
functions.\textsuperscript{5} Among the women who had been diagnosed
with COVID-19, 20\% and 19\% reported a reduced menstrual volume and
prolonged menstrual cycle, respectively. The changes in sex hormones as
a result of ovarian suppression have been suggested as a possible
cause.\textsuperscript{7} In a previous study, 38.8\%, 37\%, and 29.8\%
young adolescents reported menstrual pain, menstrual volume changes, and
menstrual cycle duration changes,
respectively.\textsuperscript{11}Previous studies have primarily focused
on the effects of COVID-19 on menstrual volume and menstrual cycle
duration. To our knowledge, our study is the first to identify increased
menstrual symptoms and related factors in women who recovered from
COVID-19. We believe that the negative effects of COVID-19 on the female
genital organs responsible for menstrual cycle control as well as
persisting post-infection symptoms may have led to this finding.

The rapid decrease in estrogen levels during menstruation causes
menstrual pain, muscle--joint pain, and gastrointestinal
symptoms.\textsuperscript{21} The prevalence of dysmenorrhea varies
between 67.2\% and 90.0\%.\textsuperscript{22} During menstruation, as
the basal contraction level of the uterus rises from 10 mmHg to 150--180
mmHg, uterine ischemia develops and the released anaerobic metabolites
stimulate Type-C pain fibers, causing dysmenorrhea. In addition, the
incidence of symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, increases
with the stimulation of the gastrointestinal system by
prostaglandins.\textsuperscript{23} In our study, individuals with
prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms after COVID-19 had higher pain
symptoms and coping methods subgroup scores. In addition subjects with
prolonged muscle--joint pain had higher changes in MSQ total score,
negative/somatic effects and coping methods subgroup scores.
Similarities between persistent post-infection symptoms and the
physiological symptoms that occur during the menstrual period may lead
to the disturbed menstrual symptoms.

Regardless of disease severity, the most frequently reported persist
symptoms were fatigue and dyspnea.\textsuperscript{2} In our study,
21.7\% individuals had prolonged dyspnea and had increased negative
effects/somatic complaints subgroup scores. In studies investigating
airway sensitivity during menstrual periods, a significant increase in
bronchial hyperactivity was found during the luteal
phase.\textsuperscript{24,25} In a study by Gibbs et
al.,\textsuperscript{26} 40\% patients with asthma experienced worsening
symptoms and reduced peak expiratory flow during the premenstrual
period. In our study, individuals with prolonged dyspnea symptoms after
COVID-19 had higher difference in MSQ total score and negative/somatic
effects subgroup scores. This result shows that there is a link between
the subjective respiratory symptoms and menstrual symptom disorders
especially associated with somatic complaints after recovery from
COVID-19.

Fatigue is a premenstrual symptom and has been associated with excessive
bleeding during menstruation.\textsuperscript{27,28} Juhi et
al.\textsuperscript{29} reported that muscle fatigue occurs with
decreased estrogen levels in the early follicular and luteal phases.
Among women who were evaluated 60 days after being diagnosed with
COVID-19, 53.1\% reported persistent fatigue.\textsuperscript{2} El
Sayed et al.\textsuperscript{30} emphasized that the symptoms of fatigue
and anhedonia persist in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19.
Therefore we specifically focused on fatigue as a frequent ongoing
symptom in those subjects. Consistent with this finding, fatigue was the
most common persistent COVID-19 symptom in our study, and individuals
with prolonged fatigue had higher changes in MSQ total score and
negative/somatic effects subgroup scores subgroup scores.

Individuals with increased menstrual pain severity showed higher anxiety
levels.\textsuperscript{10} The risk of developing depression, anxiety,
and post-traumatic stress disorder is high in people who had recovered
from COVID-19, and this tendency is more common in
women.\textsuperscript{31} In our study, although the negative
effects/somatic complaints subgroup scores increased in women after
COVID-19, no correlation was identified between the coronavirus anxiety
and changes in menstrual symptom scores. A possible reason is that the
CAS is not a sensitive scale for evaluating anxiety disorders caused by
post-traumatic stress or other reasons. In future studies, using a more
comprehensive measurement tool to evaluate the relationship between
menstrual symptoms and anxiety is recommended.

Zurawuecka et al.\textsuperscript{32} have reported that an early age at
menarche is associated with menstrual pain, and Anikwe et
al.\textsuperscript{33} have reported that the mean age at menarche is
13 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 1.0 years and that menstrual pain is more common in this age group.
However, Çakir et al.\textsuperscript{34} did not identify ant
relationship between menstrual pain and age at
menarche.\textsuperscript{34} We found no relationship with between age
at menarche and the pain symptoms but observed a negative relationship
with the coping methods subgroup scores. Moreover, the regression
analysis showed that, each 1-year decrease in the age at menarche
increased the change in MSQ by 0.82.

This finding may indicate an increased incidence of menstrual symptoms
in women recovering from COVID-19 who were younger at menarche, and that
women's ability to cope with menstrual symptoms may not have developed
at an early age.

Li et al.\textsuperscript{7} reported no difference in menstrual volume,
sex hormones, and Anti-Müllerian hormone between women who had recovered
from mild and severe COVID-19. Furthermore, the menstrual cycle duration
was longer in women who had severe COVID-19 than in those who had
recovered from mild COVID-19. In our study, only three individuals had
moderate COVID-19, while the other individuals were asymptomatic or had
only a mild disease. Therefore, menstrual symptoms were not compared
according to the disease severity in our study. However, when the
individuals were examined according to the time after COVID-19
diagnosis, the changes in the MSQ total scores and subgroup scores were
not affected by the time after the illness. This result may be related
to the presence of prolonged COVID-19 symptoms. Furthermore, it suggests
that menstrual symptoms may also consider as an ongoing symptom of
COVID-19.

Our study has some limitations. Since the menstrual cycle duration,
menstrual volumes and sexual activity of the individuals were not
evaluated. Therefore the relationship between increased menstrual
symptoms after COVID-19 and these variables could not be explained.
Since our participants were aged 18--45 years, our results may not be
applicable to women beyond that age range who had been diagnosed with
COVID-19 and are actively menstruating. The retrospective assessment of
pre-COVID-19 menstrual symptoms is another limitation of our study.

In conclusion, we observed worsened menstrual symptoms, fatigue, and
menstrual pain severity in women after diagnosis of COVID-19. In
addition, we found that age at menarche, fatigue, and menstrual pain
severity changes determined the changes in menstrual symptoms after
COVID-19 diagnosis. Menstrual symptoms were more severe in women with
prolonged fatigue, dyspnea, muscle--joint pain, and gastrointestinal
symptoms. We examined the effects of COVID-19 on menstrual symptoms and
determined the factors associated with menstrual symptom changes. We
believe that the relationship between menstrual symptoms and menstrual
cycle characteristics and long COVID-19 symptoms should be further
examined in future studies with long-term follow-up periods.

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symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Perspectives in psychiatric
care. 2020;56(3):515-522.

28. Kocaoz S, Cirpan R, Degirmencioglu AZ. The prevalence and impacts
heavy menstrual bleeding on anemia, fatigue and quality of life in women
of reproductive age. Pakistan journal of medical sciences.
2019;35(2):365.

29. Juhi A, Deepali A. Assessment of onset of the duration of fatigue in
muscle using surface electromyography on women during the different
phases of menstrual cycle. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and
Pharmacology. 2019;9(8):751-755.

30. El Sayed S, Shokry D, Gomaa SM. Post\selectlanguage{english}-COVID\selectlanguage{english}-19 fatigue and anhedonia:
A cross\selectlanguage{english}-sectional study and their correlation to post\selectlanguage{english}-recovery period.
Neuropsychopharmacology Reports. 2021;41(1):50-55.

31. Dai L-L, Wang X, Jiang T-C, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms
among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan,
China. Plos one. 2020;15(8):e0238416.

32. Zurawiecka M, Wronka I. The Influence of Age at Menarche on the
Menstrual Pattern of Polish University Students. Journal of Adolescent
Health. 2021;68(1):210-212.

33. Anikwe CC, Mamah JE, Okorochukwu BC, Nnadozie UU, Obarezi CH,
Ekwedigwe KC. Age at menarche, menstrual characteristics, and its
associated morbidities among secondary school students in Abakaliki,
southeast Nigeria. Heliyon. 2020;6(5):e04018.

34. Cakir M, Mungan I, Karakas T, Girisken I, Okten A. Menstrual pattern
and common menstrual disorders among university students in Turkey.
Pediatrics International. 2007;49(6):938-942.

\textbf{Acknowledgments:} The authors have no conflicts of
acknowledgement.

\textbf{Conflicts of Interest Disclosure:} The authors have no conflicts
of interest to disclose.

\textbf{Clinical Trial Number:} NCT04806815

\textbf{TABLES}

\textbf{Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the
women who had COVID-19}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{N (\%) or Mean ±SD}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Age} \textbf{(years)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26.08\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.62\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{BMI (kg/m\textsuperscript{2})}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23.05\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.24\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Menarche age (years)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.28\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.35\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Marital status}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Single\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
129 (71.7 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Married\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
51 (28.3 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Secondary School\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (5 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Higher School\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33 (18.3 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Bachelor\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
125 (69.4 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Master/Doctoral\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13 (7.2 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Smoking\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36 (20 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Never smoked\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
124 (68.9 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ex-smoker\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
20 (11.1 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Comorbidities}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
None\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
154 (85 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Asthma\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (5.6 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Vascular pathologies\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (2.8 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Thyroid gland pathologies\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (1.7 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Type 2 diabetes\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4 (2.2 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Dislipidemia\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (2.8 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test (days)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
104.66\selectlanguage{ngerman}±60.22\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4-12 weeks\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
85 (47.2 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12 weeks-6 months\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80 (44.4 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textgreater{} 6 months\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15 (8.3 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Fatigue\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
95 (52.8 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Headache\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
58 (32.2 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Cough\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33 (18.3 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Dyspnea\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
39 (21.7 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Muscle and joint pain\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69 (38.3 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Secretion\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
28 (15.6 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Loss of smell and taste\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45 (25 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gastrointestinal problems\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21 (11.7 \%)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (0-20)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.22\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.99\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}\selectlanguage{ngerman}

SD: standard deviation, BMI: body mass index, kg: kilogram, m: meter.

\textbf{Table 2. Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale
and menstrual pain scores before and after COVID-19}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Pre COVID-19 Mean\selectlanguage{ngerman}±SD\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Post COVID-19 Mean\selectlanguage{ngerman}±SD\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}Mean\selectlanguage{ngerman}±SD\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
P\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MSQ (22-110)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
64.96\selectlanguage{ngerman}±16.61\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
67.26\selectlanguage{ngerman}±17.37\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.29\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.001*\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Factor 1- Negative effects / somatic complaints\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.14\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.72\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.46\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.32\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.70\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.001*\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Factor 2- Pain symptoms\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18.04\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.24\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18.76\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.72\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.96\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.001*\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Factor 3- Coping methods\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.39\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.56\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.57\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.61\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.17\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.009*\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FSS (9-63)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38.17\selectlanguage{ngerman}±12.66\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
44.51\selectlanguage{ngerman}±13.29\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6.33\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.001*\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Menstrual Pain (0-10)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.47\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.79\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.19 \selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.99\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.72\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.97\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.001*\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\selectlanguage{greek}Δ: \selectlanguage{english}(post COVID-19) - (pre-COVID), MSQ: menstrual symptom questionnaire,
FSS: fatigue severity scale, CI: confidence interval, *p\textless{}0.05.

\selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{Table 3. The correlations between Δ MSQ and age, BMI, menarch
age CAS, Δ FSS, and Δ menstrual pain}\selectlanguage{english}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
& \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}MSQ & \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}Factor 1- Negative effects / somatic complaints & \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}Factor
2- Pain symptoms & \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}Factor 3- Coping methods\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
Age & p=0.334 & p=0.282 & p=0.658 & p=0.672\tabularnewline
BMI & p=0.796 & p=0.613 & p=0.870 & p=0.728\tabularnewline
Menarch age & p=0.035* & p=0.032* & p=0.051 & p=0.013*\tabularnewline
Coronavir\selectlanguage{ngerman}üs anxiety scale & p=0.320 & p=0.347 & p=0.469 &
p=0.124\tabularnewline
\selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}FSS & p\textless{}0.001 & p\textless{}0.001 & p\textless{}0.001 &
p\textless{}0.001\tabularnewline
\selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}Menstrual Pain & p\textless{}0.001* & p\textless{}0.001* &
p\textless{}0.001* & p\textless{}0.001*\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\selectlanguage{greek}Δ: \selectlanguage{english}(post COVID-19) - (pre-COVID), BMI: body mass index, FSS: fatigue
severity scale, MSQ: menstrual symptom questionnaire, CAS: coronavirus
anxiety scale, *p\textless{}0.05.

\selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{Table 4. Multiple regression analysis for Δ MSQ}\selectlanguage{english}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\textbf{Dependent variables} & \textbf{Independent variables} &
\textbf{B} & \textbf{Standart Error \textsubscript{B}} & \selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{β} &
\textbf{T} & \textbf{P} & \textbf{95\% CI} & \textbf{Adjusted
R\textsuperscript{2}} & \textbf{p}\tabularnewline
\selectlanguage{greek}Δ\selectlanguage{english}MSQ & \selectlanguage{greek}Δ\selectlanguage{english}FSS & 0.447 & 0.052 & 0.507 & 8.626 & \textless{}0.001* &
0.34/0.54 & 0.384 & \textless{}0.001\tabularnewline
& Menarch age & -0.822 & 0.355 & -0.136 & -2.315 & 0.022* & -1.52/-0.12
& &\tabularnewline
& \selectlanguage{greek}Δ \selectlanguage{english}Menstrual pain & 1.379 & 0.242 & 0.334 & 5.697 & \textless{}0.001* &
0.90/1.85 & &\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\selectlanguage{greek}Δ: \selectlanguage{english}(post COVID-19) - (pre-COVID), MSQ: menstrual symptom questionnaire,
FSS: fatigue severity scale, CI: confidence interval, *p\textless{}0.05.

\selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{Table 5. The comparison of ΔMSQ in terms of sociodemographic
features, time after PCR test, ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and medical
treatment during COVID-19}\selectlanguage{english}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{ΔMSQ}\selectlanguage{english} \selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Mean±SD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{P}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{Δ Factor 1}\selectlanguage{english} \selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Mean±SD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{Δ Factor 1}\selectlanguage{english} \selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Mean±SD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{Δ Factor 2}\selectlanguage{english} \selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Mean±SD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{greek}\textbf{Δ Factor 3}\selectlanguage{english} \selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Mean±SD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{P}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education level}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Secondary School (n=9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.66\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.77\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.507\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.22\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.22\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.434\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.33\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.315\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.11\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.78\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.601\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
High School (n=33)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.09\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.60\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.68\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.60\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.68\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.18\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.84\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.79\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Bachelor (125)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.64\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.93\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.52\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.85\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.52\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.85\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.88\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.71\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.22\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.90\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Master/Doctoral (n=13)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.00\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.97\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.23\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.43\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.23\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.43\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.30\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.49\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.38\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.12\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Headache yes=58 no= 122\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.01\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.53 1.95±7.99\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.264\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.50\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.0 1.23±4.56\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.290\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.290\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.01\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.99 0.58±2.95\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.454\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.27\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.89 0.13±0.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.234\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Fatigue yes=95 no=85\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.62\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.09 0.81±6.72\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.006*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.12\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.94 0.42±4.26\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.004*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.004*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.03\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.43 0.37±2.29\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.340\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.27\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.01 0.07±0.73\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.076\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Cough yes=33 no=147\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.24\selectlanguage{ngerman}±12.15 1.85±6.94\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.800\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.03\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.80 1.16±2.03\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.956\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.956\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.54\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.19 0.53±2.59\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.163\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.48\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.41 0.10±0.72\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.114\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Dyspnea yes=39 no= 141\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.61\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.14 1.65±7.78\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.046*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.89\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.58 0.88±4.34\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.017*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.017*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.23\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.03 0.58±2.94\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.148\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.33\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.95 0.13±0.88\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.063\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Muscle and joint pain yes=69 no=111\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.23\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.89 1.09±5.58\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.009*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.33\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.05 0.69±3.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.002*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.002*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.31\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.01 0.35±1.99\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.271\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.37\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.16 0.05±0.65\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.022*\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Secretion yes=28 no=152\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.67\selectlanguage{ngerman}±11.98 2.03±7.27\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.285\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.96\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.17 1.20±4.39\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.544\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.544\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.25\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.72 0.62±2.52\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.287\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.28\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.21 0.15±0.83\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.114\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Loss of smell and taste yes=45 no=135\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.62\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.49 2.18±7.26\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.519\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.42\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.06 1.28±4.17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.390\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.390\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.91\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.83 0.65±2.62\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.718\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.14\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.17 0.80±0.06\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.509\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gastrointestinal problems yes=21 no=159\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5.04\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.76 1.93±7.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.183\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.71\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.82 1.13±4.34\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.196\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.196\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.61\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.8700.60±2.96\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.029*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.57\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.87 0.12±0.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.10\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.002*\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Smoking history}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Never smoked (n=124)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.03\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.90\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.634\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.14\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.41\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.14\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.41\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.292\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.69\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.98\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.999\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.14\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.82\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.678\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Smoking (n=36)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.41\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.72\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.33\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.86\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.33\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.86\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.83\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.64\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.13\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.68\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ex-smoker (20)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.7\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.53\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.4\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.05\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.4\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.05\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.70\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.46\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.45\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Time after positive PCR test}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4-12 weeks (n=85)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.61\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.15\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.891\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.36\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.46\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.36\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.46\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.876\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.85\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.06\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.570\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.27\selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.06\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.490\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12 weeks-6 months (n=80)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.80\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.64\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.21\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.24\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.21\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.24\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.47\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.21\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.08\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.65\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textgreater{} 6 months (n=15)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.13\selectlanguage{ngerman}±14.18\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.66\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.80\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.66\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.80\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.26\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.24\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.13\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.99\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

SD: standard deviation, \selectlanguage{greek}Δ: \selectlanguage{english}(post COVID-19) - (pre-COVID), Factor 1:
negative effects/somatic complaints, Factor 2: pain symptoms, Factor 3:
coping methods, PCR: polymerase chain reaction, *p\textless{}0.05.

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

