Conclusions
By inserting the ICE into the LA, we visualized clearly the LAPW and the esophagus. This method can reliably locate the esophagus and clearly display the relationship of the LAPW to the esophagus. Furthermore, the measurements of LAPW thickness can be performed during the AF ablation procedure. The median LAPW thickness adjacent to the esophagus was <3mm in the vast majority and different among the 4 height levels, being thickest at the LSPV level and thinnest at the LIPV level, which suggests a necessity of caution when ablating especially at the level with the thinnest wall thickness.