FIGURES CAPTIONS
Table 1. Numbers of S. avenae in the control and the treatments at different concentrations of Nano-Se. Data were compared statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) and Levene test in SPSS 26.0. Different letters in each row indicate the significant difference atp<0.05 .
Figure 1. S. avenae number in control and different concentrations of Nano-Se. Different letters indicate a significant difference at p<0.05 .
Figure 2. Effects of Nano-Se application on JA(A), SA(B), MT(C), and DIMBOA(D) contents in wheat seedlings. Different letters indicate a significant difference at p<0.05 .
Figure 3. Effects of nano-Se application on CAT(A), POD(B), SOD(C), LOX(D), GSH-Px(E), VE(F), APX(G), MDA(H), GSH(I), Pro(J), and LPO(K) contents in wheat seedlings. Different letters in one figure indicate a significant difference at p<0.05.
Figure 4. Effects of nano-Se application on the concentration of flavone compounds (A) and phenolic acids (B) in wheat seedlings. Different letters in a figure indicate a significant difference atp<0.05 .
Figure 5. Effects of applied nano-Se (5 mg/L), MT (10 mg/L) and their combination on S. avenae number (A), DIMBOA, MT, JA, and SA contents (B), and related synthesis genes (C) in wheat seedlings. Different letters among treatments indicate a significant difference atp<0.05 .
Figure 6. Fingerprint similarity analysis (A), GC-IMS three-dimensional spectrum (B), top view (C), and gas phase ion migration spectroscopy(D) of metabolites for all treatment in wheat seedlings with aphid infection.
Figure 7. Qualitative analysis (A) and gallery plot (B) of volatile organic compounds measured in wheat seedlings. The changes in the concentration of differential metabolites in wheat seedlings exposed to nano-Se (5 mg/L), melatonin (10 mg/L), and their combination (C). Different letters among treatments indicate a significant difference atp<0.05 .
Figure 8. Proposed mechanism of nano-Se improving the secondary metabolism in wheat seedlings and against Sitobion avenaeinfection.