Figure 1. Map of the study extent, colours represent average
annual temperatures (°C; bioclimatic variable 1) and black circles show
butterfly recording sites, shaded to show any overlap of the points used
to represent sites.
Figure 2. Representation of the piecewise structural equation
model for testing the five hypotheses along with results. Blue lines
represent significant negative associations and yellow lines represent
significant positive associations. The thickness of the lines represents
the standardised effect size. Dashed lines in grey are non-significant,
these were retained as they test elements of the key hypotheses.
Figure 3. Selected relationships tested in the five hypotheses:
a) Overall niche distance against species richness, b) Niche mismatch
against log mean abundance, c) Niche mismatch against average population
stability, d) Species richness against synchrony e) Average population
stability against community stability, f) Synchrony against community
stability. Lines show models fits and dashed lines 95% confidence
intervals. All plots show model fits relative to partial residuals.
Point colour represents the countries of the site.