Figure 3. Mechanism of stem cell therapy.
Stem cells can inhibit and reverse vessel pathological changes through
numerous methods. Stem cells can inhibit the proliferation of SMCs and
promote the differentiation of ECs. Of course, the secretory function
also plays a critical role in efficacy and outcomes. Stem cells inhibit
the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and promote the secretion of
anti-inflammatory factors. Stem cells also secrete microvesicles and
exosomes, and under the comprehensive effect, diseased blood vessel
revert to normal blood vessels.
Table 1. Summary of recent literature regarding EPC
immunological markers