Study design and eligibility criteria
We conducted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study with a convenience sample of patients and clinicians from an urban hospital in Queens, New York, that is affiliated with New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, a large New York City health system. The hospital cares for a patient population that is highly diverse with respect to race/ethnicity and primary language, as there are a broad range of immigrant communities living in the surrounding neighborhoods. Eligible patients were age 18 and older and had undergone an ablation at the hospital within the past 18 months; the duration was chosen to reduce recall bias while still including a range of perspectives based on the amount of elapsed time since the ablation. Eligible clinicians included physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners who are involved in the care of patients undergoing AF ablation at the hospital. Patients and clinicians provided verbal informed consent and completed semi-structured interviews. Patients also completed several validated surveys. Patients received $25 as compensation for their time. The Weill Cornell Medicine Institutional Review Board approved this study.