Además de la densidad del huésped, que es el principal impulsor de la población de parasitoides, las prácticas vitícolas como la viticultura orgánica, o el uso de coberturas vegetales y tiras florales, también favorece una compleja comunidad de parasitoides.
(Thiéry 2018) Depredadores
La labranza tiene un efecto negativo sobre los artrópodos beneficiosos en los viñedos
(Thiéry 2018) Servicios culturales
In New Zealand, a project called ‘Greening Waipara’ has identified the aesthetic benefits to ecotourism from improving bio diversity on farmland. The project encourages and assists vineyard owners in the Waipara region of northern Canterbury to plant once common native plant species to enhance ‘stacked’ ecosystem services including pest and weed control. In addition, visitors to the region can learn about the benefits of native plants along hiking trails which start close to the wineries and restaurants of some vineyards (Fiedler et al., 2008). These trails are considered by tourists to be a positive addition to otherwise monocultural vineyard landscapes and leads to a greater ‘brand reach’ for their products (Forbes et al., 2009).