Rotarod
The Rotarod test (ROTA-ROD/RS, LE8200, LETICA, Scientific Instruments; Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) was conducted on a weekly basis, spanning from 8/9 to 16 weeks of age or until mice were unable to perform the test in the case of mice from the survival experiment, to assess the motor coordination, muscle strength, and balance of the experimental animals. Specifically, the test involved measuring the duration for which each mouse could maintain its position on a rotating rod set at a constant speed of 14 revolutions per minute (rpm). Each animal underwent a series of five trials, and the longest latency achieved without falling was recorded. An arbitrary cut-off time of 180 seconds was applied in the assessment. The symptomatic disease onset for each mouse was determined as the first week when the mouse was unable to keep walking 180 seconds on the rod.