Study population
This was a retrospective study. Consecutive patients with a pacemaker
indication who underwent successful LBBAP were identified from the First
Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between July 2018 and
March 2023. Patients who met the following criteria were included: 1)
persistent AF; 2) mean heart rate (HR) < 60 bpm; 3) moderate
or severe FTR. Patients with tricuspid valve replacement surgery,
primary tricuspid valvular diseases[16] and lost
follow-up (defined as without having a follow-up of both one week and 6
months) were excluded. Patients with heart failure and complete left
bundle branch block who were candidates for cardiac resynchronization
therapy (CRT) were also excluded [17]. All the
patients included in the study were provided with written informed
consent. And the study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review
Board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.