Baseline characteristics
From July 2018 to March 2023, a total of 52 LBBAP patients with persistent AF and bradycardia were identified. Among whom, 37 patients were with moderate to severe FTR. 8 patients were excluded (2 with primary tricuspid valve disease, 1 with tricuspid valve surgery, 1 with a CRT indication and 4 with lost follow-up. Finally, 29 patients were enrolled. The baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. The patients were characterized by a majority of males (76%) with the age of (76.3 ± 9.0 years). Three patients were of LVEF <50%. There were 1 patient of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1 patient of ischemic cardiomyopathy and 1 patient of dilated cardiomyopathy. Seventeen (59%) patients were moderate FTR and 12 (41%) patients were severe FTR.