Methods
Consecutive patients with a pacemaker indication who underwent
successful LBBAP were identified between July 2018 and March 2023.
Patients who met the following criteria were included: 1) persistent AF;
2) mean heart rate (HR) < 60 bpm; 3) moderate or severe FTR.
The severity of FTR was graded qualitatively with a multi-integrative
approach, classified into three grades: mild = 1, moderate = 2, and
severe = 3. FTR improvement was defined as adding at least one grade of
FTR level. Echocardiographic parameters were followed up for one week
and 6 months.