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\begin{document}

\title{Regulation and mechanism of organic selenium on quorum sensing, biofilm
and antioxidant effects of Lactobacillus paracasei}



\author[1]{Zaixiang Lou}%
\author[1]{Jiale Dong}%
\author[1]{Hongwei Tao}%
\author[1]{Yeexuan Tan}%
\author[1]{Hongxin Wang}%
\affil[1]{State Key Laboratory of Food Science \& Technology}%


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  \date{May 23, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The study focused on the impact and action mechanism of different
organic selenium products on the bioactivity of two strains of
\emph{Lactobacillus paracasei}. The growth, antioxidant activity,
extracellular polysaccharide secretion, quorum sensing and biofilm
formation of the strains before and after the addition of organic
selenium crude products and three organic selenium standard were
evaluated. The results showed that the addition of crude organic
selenium had a promoting effect on the growth, antioxidant activity,
extracellular polysaccharide, biofilm formation, and AI-2 activity of
the strain. The organic selenium standards had a regulatory effect
(positive and negative) on biofilm formation and the activity of the QS
signal molecule AI-2 in the strain. L-selenocysteine had the strongest
regulatory effect, with maximum GIM1.80 biofilm formation when it
reached a critical concentration of 0.4 \selectlanguage{greek}μ\selectlanguage{english}g/ml; L-selenomethionine
resulted in the highest activity of the signal molecule AI-2 of
GDMCC1.155, when it reached a critical concentration of 0.4 \selectlanguage{greek}μ\selectlanguage{english}g/ml. The
results of scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that organic
selenium effectively improved the morphology and structure of the
bacterial cells of the two strains. Molecular docking revealed that the
mechanism by which organic selenium regulates quorum sensing in
\emph{Lactobacillus} was achieved by binding two crucial receptor
proteins (histidine protein kinase HKP and periplasmic binding protein
LuxP) from specific sites. It provides a new alternative (organic
selenium) for regulating the viability and beneficial activity of
\emph{Lactobacillus paracasei}. \textbf{Significance statement:} The
study found that organic selenium can both positively and negatively
regulate quorum sensing and biofilm formation of \emph{Lactobacillus,}
and the critical concentrations have also been obtained. Meanwhile, it
was found that organic selenium can promote the growth, antioxidant
activity, and biofilm formation of \emph{Lactobacillus} by activating
quorum sensing, so as to better exert its probiotic properties.
Furthermore, the regulating mechanism of organic selenium on the
activity of \emph{Lactobacillus} was revealed. This study provides a new
alternative for regulating and stimulating the beneficial activity of
probiotics.%
\end{abstract}%



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