Introduction
Athlete’s heart is a definition used for the physiological adaptation of the heart to repetitive exercise. Different physiological adaptation mechanisms may develop depending on the content of the exercise performed [1]. Elite athletes aim to improve their cardiac fitness at an optimal level through training for the best athletic performance. Training is a structured procedure in which athletes are subjected to consistent and recurrent exercise stimuli in order to induce adaptations that align with a desired function. These functions may include delaying the onset of tiredness, enhancing power output, improving motor coordination, or minimizing the likelihood of injury. The boundaries of athletic performance have been a topic of speculation and discussion for a significant period of time. Nevertheless, there appears to be a noticeable plateau in sports performance in recent years, indicating that the potential for further enhancement of individuals’ physical capabilities may be limited [2]. Therefore, doping substances are becoming a suspicious factor among elite athletes. Due to the extensive range chemicals and the continual emergence of novel designer pharmaceuticals on the market, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) annually revises its list of substances and methodologies that are forbidden in the realm of sports. One of the most fundamental elements of sports performance is undoubtedly cardiac function. This raises serious doubts about the use of some heart medications as doping agents. The addition of trimetazidine to WADA’s Prohibited List as a doping substance in 2014 can be considered the beginning of this era [3,4]. The combination of sacubitril and valsartan, as well as dapagliflozin, which effectively improves cardiac performance and has a positive prognostic effect on heart failure, has been particularly notable in recent years in the existing literature [5,6]. These may potentially be abused as doping substances in elite athletes. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to observe the effects of these drugs on athletic performance.