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\begin{document}

\title{GENDER EQUITY AMONG GYNECOLOGICAL SURGEONS IS STILL A MYTH: A NATIONAL
SURVEY IN ITALY}



\author[1]{Elisabetta Manzoni}%
\author[2]{Chiara Dell’Utri}%
\author[3]{Daunia Verdi}%
\author[4]{Sara Parini}%
\author[5]{Daniela Lucidi}%
\author[6]{Gaya Spolverato}%
\affil[1]{Universita degli Studi di Milano Scuole di Specializzazione}%
\affil[2]{Vivantes-Humboldt-Klinikum}%
\affil[3]{Ospedale di Mirano}%
\affil[4]{Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carita}%
\affil[5]{Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena}%
\affil[6]{Universita degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
\textbf{Objective:} this study seeks to examine the status of female
gynecological surgeons in Italy concerning both discriminatory practices
and the availability of opportunities of improvement within the
operating theatre. \textbf{Design, setting and population:} a National
Survey addressed to a group of 3242 female surgeons all over Italy
carried out and approved by the members of ``Women in Surgery Italia''.
\textbf{Methods:} the survey was conducted from November 1 to December
31, 2020, gathering data from 219 female gynecologists out of 3242
surveyed across Italy. The survey focused on various professional
aspects, particularly surgical practice. \textbf{Main outcome measures:}
we collected data concerning subjective satisfactions by respondents.
Satisfaction was evaluated with a 5-points LIKERT scale. Data were
described calculating mean, median or frequency. \textbf{Results:} this
sub-analysis includes these 207 respondents. Among respondents, 47\%
reported having children, while 31\% opted out of parenthood due to
professional reasons. Nearly half of them were trainees (42\%). Despite
a considerable workload (with a mean workingweek of 45 hours), 96\% of
the participants reported spending less than half of their worktime in
the operating theater. They performed a median of 2 surgical operations
per week, compared to 5 for male counterparts. Despite challenges, 65\%
expressed a commitment to their career path. \textbf{Conclusions}:
efforts to address gender bias, promote work-life balance, and enhance
female leadership representation are essential. These findings emphasize
the need for systemic changes to create a supportive environment for
female gynecologists. Further research with broader sampling is
warranted to fully understand and address these challenges.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`GENDER EQUITY AMONG GYNECOLOGICAL SURGEONS IS STILL A MYTH A NATIONAL SURVEY IN ITALY, Manuscript.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/774560/articles/869804-gender-equity-among-gynecological-surgeons-is-still-a-myth-a-national-survey-in-italy}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`TABLES.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/774560/articles/869804-gender-equity-among-gynecological-surgeons-is-still-a-myth-a-national-survey-in-italy}

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