Likewise, this chapter will also weave between the critiques of existing theoretical or empirical work, as well as the researcher’s biases or assumptions. This is because, the literature review relies on topical research which Ravitch and Riggan (2012: 29) have defined as “work (most often empirical) that is  focused on the subject in which the researcher is interested”. Therefore, the researcher will gather data from journals, books, policy documents, dissertations, newsletters, standards and newsgroups to present this topical research.