Diversity of hard tick populations and their geographic variations in
northwestern Iran
Abstract
Abstract Ticks are forced vertebrate ectoparasites, including humans,
and are vectors of serious diseases such as Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic
Fever, Relapsing Fever, and various forms of encephalitis. Spatial
assessment of the prevalence of ticks and detection of high risk areas
for tick-borne disease transmission and evaluation of ecological
measures are key aims of this research. Ticks were collected using
standard methods From 27 villages in the region of Sarab County in
north-eastern Iran during the four seasons of 2018-219 and identified
using valid keys. The calculation of indices for biodiversity were based
on the Margalf index, Shannon-Weiner index and Simpson index. R2.15
Statistical software was used for statistical analysis of indices of
biodiversity, and ArcMap10.4.1 software and IDW and GeneralG methods and
analysis were used to investigate spatial dispersion and to determine
important tick hotspots. Thirty-five percent of the 2,500 animals
surveyed were infected. A total of 1416 ticks were caught, 74.6 % were
adult ticks, % were nymph and 1.4 percent were larvae. Ninety four
percent of the ticks caught belonged to hard ticks relating to 4 genera
and 6 percent to soft ticks relating to 2 genera. The highest species
biodiversity was related to summer (1.4234), and the lowest was related
to winter (0.7379), according to the Margalef diversity index. In the
central part of the study region a large hotspot area was found. The
area of study was very prone to tick-borne disease transmission in terms
of tick diversity and tick species richness, and it was important to
inform people to monitor to avoid diseases. Keywords: Ticks, Species
biodiversity, GIS, Iran