Effectiveness of a modified Mediterranean diet recipe plus moderate
exercise before and during pregnancy among women at high risk of
gestational diabetes
Abstract
Background: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have elevated
risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several studies have indicated
healthy lifestyle reduces the prevalence of GDM. However, limited
evidence shows the association between Mediterranean diet (MD) and GDM
incidence in China. The aim of the current study was to establish a
Chinese-habit-based MD recipe and investigate the effects of the
modified MD on GDM. This trial recruited gestational age women who were
planning a pregnancy in the near future with at least one risk factor
for GDM. Methods: These participants were randomly assigned into the MD
group and control group. They were required to follow diet interventions
at least 6 months prior to pregnancy until delivery. Average dietary
intake, glucose and insulin metabolism in 26-28-week of gestation,
maternal and neonatal outcomes in each group were analyzed to assess the
effects of MD. We analyzed the clinical outcomes of 580 participants,
294 in the MD group and 286 in the control group. Results: The MD group
had a high intake of protein, vitamins, and dietary fibers, whereas low
intake of fat, resulting in improved insulin and glucose metabolism.
Meanwhile, women and their newborns in the MD group showed a reduced
proportion of complications. Conclusion: The modified MD intervention
started before pregnancy shows a preventive effect on GDM, also benefits
the mother and their newborns in other outcomes.