Abstract
Background: Behcet’s disease (BD) is a multisystem autoimmune relapsing
vasculitis with almost unknown etiology, which involves both large and
small vessels. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare
condition devided in two main sub-types. First, the parenchymal type is
caused by development of an immunemediated meningoencephalitis, which
predominantly involves the brainstem and diencephalon region. The other
type - non-parenchymal type is a consequence of thrombosis within the
dural venous sinuses. Peripheral nervous system generally preserved or
involved in very rare cases. Objective: To present a rare case of
Neuro-Behcet Disease (NBD) and to make a thorough review on the clinical
presentation, classification and neuroimaging findings. Methods: We
searched the Pub Med electronic database with the keywords - Behcet
Disease, Neuro-Behcet Disease and Neuroimaging. The literature search
was conducted for the period from January 2000 to March 2020. Results: A
total of 35 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the
review. The review shows that NBD remains a difficult diagnosis to
establish as other diseases and conditions may have similar
presentation. Therefore we present the most common clinical signs and
symptoms, classification, and diagnostic criteria with accent on the
neuro-imaging findings. Conclusions: The diagnosis of NBD is based on
the clinical presentation and the typical lesions in brain magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI). The development and disappearance of lesions at
MRI may correlate with the course of clinical neurologic deficits.
Differential diagnosis of NBD should be considered in cerebrovascular
disease, brain tumors, and demyelinating processes.