In this paper, the very high-cycle fatigue performance of TC17 titanium alloys under corrosion environment and laser shock was studied by the load of first-order bending vibration. The results show that the very high cycle fatigue performance of TC17 titanium alloys has no fatigue limit in the traditional sense and different surface processing has different effects on the very high cycle fatigue properties of TC17 titanium alloys. The very high cycle fatigue performance of TC17 under corrosion environment did not decrease significantly, but the very high cycle fatigue performance of TC17 strengthened by laser shock treatment could be greatly improved. With the SEM analysis, it was found that the specimen crack initiation showed two modes: surface and sub-surface, which was independent of the internal inclusions and defects. No sign of internal crack initiation was found and the sub-surface crack propagation did not show “fish-eye”.