Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation Units and Fast Electric
Vehicle Charging Stations for Sustainable Cities
Abstract
The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) in sustainable cities has fuelled
interest in DG unit allocation. A well-planned and efficient charging
infrastructure is required for effective e-mobility. The paper examined
the single-objective frameworks of optimal simultaneous allocation of DG
units and fast EV charging stations (EVCS). The applications are
employed on the IEEE 69 bus network and a real part of the Ghana network
in the Ashanti region. The optimization tasks are carried out by using
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC)
algorithms. The impact of optimal placement on the networks was
analyzed. The results show that with high penetration levels of DG units
(up to 40%) and fast EVCS, PSO, and ABC can achieve a significant power
loss reduction that reaches 68%. Furthermore, PSO outperforms ABC in
relation to the voltage deviation index on both the test network and the
Ashanti region network, while still satisfying the IEC standards’ 5%
margins. The results indicate that PSO and ABC are viable swarm
algorithms for mitigating active power loss and enhancing the voltage
profile of a system through concurrent allocation