Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition involving dilation of cardiac chambers, which results in contraction impairment. Besides invasive and non-invasive diagnostic procedures, cardiac biomarkers are of great importance in both diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. These biomarkers are categorized into three groups based on their site; cardiomyocyte biomarkers, microenvironmental biomarkers and macroenvironmental biomarkers. Aims: In this review, an overview of characteristics, epidemiology, etiology and clinical manifestations of DCM is provided. In addition, the most important biomarkers, of all three categories, and their diagnostic and prognostic values are discussed. Conclusion: Considering the association of DCM with conditions such as infections and autoimmunity, which are prevalent among the population, introducing efficient diagnostic tools if of high value for the early detection of DCM to prevent its severe complications. The three discussed classes of biomarkers are potential candidates for the detection of DCM. However, further studies are necessary in this regard.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test could be positive for a second time in some cases, after recovery from their first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) episode. However, causes of this re-positive test has not been fully understood. In this paper, the original studies with re-positive COVID-19 patients in their study population were discussed. Methods: Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched and the retrieved records underwent title/abstract and full-text screenings. Three independent researchers extracted the data of the studies. Results: The systematic search yielded 16 case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. Data of 10,475 patients were included; 489 (4.67%) of them classified as re-positive. The female percentage and mean age for re-positive and non-re-positive groups were 56.82% and 50.0 ± 18.0, and 55.91% and 46.6 ± 17.1, respectively. The rate of symptom presentation upon second positive test turned out to be 20.0%, with the most common symptoms being cough (68.2%), fever (31.8%), and fatigue (22.7%). Hypertension (15.9%) accounted for the most common underlying disease in the re-positive group. In 33/46 (71.7%) of the re-positive patients, computed tomography (CT) abnormalities were resolved to some extent. Conclusion: A re-positive SARS-CoV-2 test is possible within a few weeks after recovery, although it does not necessarily indicate a re-infection. Other reasons could lead to a re-positive test such as reactivation of the virus that persisted in the body from the previous COVID-19 episode and testing errors. Clinical features such as symptoms and imaging could assist in identifying re-infections.

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported globally pandemic, dentistry is known as one of the most critical disciplines. Teledentistry as a sub branch of telemedicine which can be a useful modality is defined by using any telecommunication technology facility, including digital photo and video to deliver oral care to isolated patients in distant places by low cost(1). Although teledentistry has been introduced as a valid tool to prevent unnecessary referrals, policy makers have not shown much interest on it yet (2,3).Diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring could be performed, meanwhile research and continuing education or public education could be done via teledentistry. In COVID-19 pandemic, teledentistry can prevent human and non-human resources burden. Oral chronic diseases like vesiculobullous and painful conditions are so dreadful and exhausting needing more care. Pediatric patients and those who are suffering from cancer are no more exceptions to this point. Tablets, smart phones, and all types of electronic gadgets can facilitate virtual communication which is helpful in telehealth.Traditional visual examination is a gold standard, in order to reach a better diagnosis and treatment plan. In teledentistry, intra oral or other high quality cameras can provide essential documents. There are so many investigations to compare visual and virtual examination, which showed only some problems in diagnosing interproximal carious lesions which is solved by digital radiography (3).Teledentistry examinations are valid, feasible, and comparable to visual examination for oral screening. Data storage is another crucial part in teledentistry due to privacy policies (2,3).Pediatric dentistry, oral medicine, orthodontics, and periodontics are the most common disciplines that have studied the efficacy of teledentistry rather than effectiveness. In developing countries, where emergency care is more important than preventive care, conservatism of decision makers, lack of resources and ICT infrastructure are the most common problems in providing teledentistry (4).Meanwhile there is a hidden advantage for teledentistry and telemedicine that it can avoid feelings of isolation and stress for patients; so, it can be more useful during COVID-19 quarantine (5).Teledentistry performs in two ways; asynchronous by transmission intraoral or extraoral images that are not used in real time; also, known as the store and forward method, synchronous by use of real-time interactive technologies, such as video or photoconferencing, and mobile health care services via smartphone apps and text messages.All the process should be recorded in patients file for further information. Accurate triage is another prominent advantage of teledentistry, which is so important during COVID-19.For people in need of care like geriatrics or patients with special needs telemedicine can eliminate some barriers (6).Besides to teledentirstry’s advantages, especially in a situation like a pandemic infection even with very primary facilities teledentistry can be performed and be useful for triage. By introducing dentistry as a very dangerous discipline, teledentistry can play a very specific role to solve the majority of patients’ problems as a helpful facility in this crisis and may be it can also persuade policy makers to perform teledentistry in a vast program.

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare disease characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, and skin rash. The KFD can be confused with other conditions including lymphoma, autoimmune, and hematological diseases, which can lead to misdiagnosis of KFD as a clinical identity. Another condition can be novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Although children are less affected by Novel coronavirus disease 2019 than adults, it should not be missed, especially in those with underlying diseases. Herein, we report a patient with primary antibody deficiency, who was affected with COVID-19. This infection could be presented mildly in patients with immunodeficiency.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy and the leading cause of childhood death in contrast to the 90% cure rates. ALL includes different subtypes described by interrupt collections of somatic chromosomal alterations and sequence mutations that disrupt normal body functions such as lymphoid maturation, cell-cycle regulation, and tumor suppression. Having a significant role in several cancers, the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) gene considered an important gene in the development of tumors. Herein, the genetic role of HMGB1 was studied in the 49 Iranian patients with newly diagnosed ALL using Sanger sequencing of HMGB1 coding regions (exons 2 to 5). The results showed that none of the subjects in the study had any promising variants in the coding sequences of the HMGB1. These findings suggest that HMGB1 is not directly associated with ALL incidence and behavior. Further investigations using a large group of patients with different races and ethnicities are required to analyze the possible role of HMGB1 gene polymorphisms in ALL patients.

There is evidence of increased incidence, rapid progression, and poor prognosis of Covid-19 in patients with underlying comorbidities such as diabetes and epilepsy. It is crucial to develop effective treatment regimens for these patients. Multiple organ failure is the most common cause of death in Covid-19 patients.

All the countries and regions have already been infected with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This super small guest has paralyzed the economy of the entire world, from the extreme fall of the oil prices to the bankruptcy of the great companies or even the small retail shops. The people’s lifestyle is undergoing significant changes, by which it is leaving a negative impact on their psychological and physical health. The atmosphere is filled with dual accusations from each one of the governments and their citizens. Recognizing cognitive biases that have potentially affected decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic would help in considering some behavioral changes for curbing this global viral infection.

COVID-19 causes significant hypoxia along with an inflammatory milieu, which may lead to secondary myocardial infarction and also atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Here we present a case of COVID-19 presented with ACS followed by PTE and CVA.