Objective This study aimed to analyse the efficacy of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for high-risk neuroblastoma in China. Methods The data of 90 high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with the CCCG-NB 2015 regimen at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital were reviewed. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of were analysed and compared. In addition, the prognoses of tandem autologous stem cell transplantation and single autologous stem cell transplantation groups were compared. Results The results of survival analysis showed that autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation based on this pretreatment regimen significantly improved the prognosis of children in the high-risk group. The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for the transplantation group and the nontransplantation group were 65.5% vs. 41.3% (P=0.023) and 77.1% vs. 57.9% (P=0.03), respectively. There was no difference in the distribution of baseline clinical case characteristics between the single transplantation group and the tandem transplantation group (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in EFS and OS between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Based on this pretreatment programme, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is safe and tolerable and significantly improves the prognosis of children in the high-risk group. The value of tandem autologous stem cell transplantation is worthy of further discussion, which should consider various aspects such as the transplantation plan and the patient’s state.

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic parameters in baseline fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for pediatric lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). Method: Thirty patients with LBL who underwent baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT from April 2013 to November 2018 were enrolled. Their metabolic parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured and compared with those from different clinical characteristic groups. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Results: The patients with stage Ⅳ had higher TMTV than stage Ⅲ (mean 580.66cm³ vs. 176.52cm³; p=0.031). No statistical significance in SUVmax and TLG was observed between patients with stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ (p=0.061; p=0.291). After a median follow-up of 41.5 months (range of 1–86 months), the patients with a low TMTV (<242.91cm³) had better 3-year EFS rate compared with those with a high TMTV (88.9% vs. 56.3%; p=0.036). However, SUVmax and TLG were not predictive of EFS(p=0.874; p=0.152). Conclusions: TMTV may be a potential PET/CT metabolic parameter for predicting the prognosis of pediatric lymphoblastic lymphoma. A high TMTV indicates a poor outcome. However, SUVmax and TLG are not related to the prognosis of pediatric lymphoblastic lymphoma.