Introduction: There is an increasing amount of data relating the dietetic pattern to health variables, although data concerning the child population are scarce. The aim of the study is to assess the effects of affinity to the Traditional Mediterranean Diet (TMD) pattern, together with breastfeeding, on the incidence of childhood asthma and inflammatory and recurrent diseases in children under two years of age. Methods: Quasi-experimental intervention study, where breastfeeding was promoted and following the TMD pattern was offered. The incidence of morbidity was evaluated and correlated with the dietary patterns which were followed. According to their adhesion to the TMD-Breastfed Test patients were classified into two groups: Group-1 (greater affinity) and Group-2 (lower affinity). Results: The score of the TMD-Breastfed Test was optimal in group-1 and good in group-2. It shows a marked reduction in both consultation groups “on request” compared with “planned”, with low morbidity and low use of antibiotics. The incidence of infectious diseases and bacterial complications shows a clinically relevant difference between both groups. The incidence of childhood asthma was greater in group-2, with less adherence to breastfeeding. Conclusions: In these cohorts of breastfed patients with good adherence to TMD patterns, there was evidence of a low incidence of infectious diseases and childhood asthma, more pronounced in the breastfed group. Adapted milk and other foodstuffs of animal origin have been linked to being able to cause inflammatory and recurrent diseases, as their dietary limitations have contributed to decreasing morbidity.

Rationale, aims and objectives Discharging low-risk pregnant women is not usually contemplated in any procedure and obstetricians are therefore fully responsible for making this decision. Thus, a protocol establishing the procedures, tasks, aims, and activities of each healthcare professional involved in such cases would allow to streamline the process of admission and discharge of low-risk pregnant women with a normal pregnancy. The aim of this study was to establish the effectiveness and safety of a standardised assessment programme for the decision-making process of midwives in relation to the admission of pregnant women in a hospital emergency department. Method Retrospective observational cohort study evaluating the decision-making process of midwives when assessing pregnant women in an emergency department during the study period 2016-2017. The study population consisted of low- to moderate-risk pregnant women with a normal pregnancy who presented to the obstetric emergency unit (labour and delivery room) because of vaginal spotting, uterine contractions, bleeding, absence of foetal movements and/or suspected rupture of membranes. The primary study variable was the appropriateness of the decisions made by midwives (whether discharging or admitting pregnant women) in an obstetric emergency unit. Safety was assessed by the incidence of neonatal complications based on the Apgar test for women who had previously been discharged. Results The performance of the instrument used was found to be excellent as both the negative predictive value (appropriate discharge) and the positive predictive value (appropriate admission) were greater than 95%. In the safety evaluation, only one in every 200 newborns had an Apgar score at five minutes less than seven. Conclusions The adequacy of our standardised assessment programme has been found to be excellent, with an almost perfect performance based on the negative predictive value and appropriate safety margins based on the Apgar scores at birth obtained for previously discharged cases.