Background: Flaxseed may be beneficial for the management of obesity due to its high content of alpha-linolenic acid, fiber, and lignans. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of Flaxseed consumption on serum lipids, adiponectin, leptin, and weight loss in overweight or obese women. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial involved 60 overweight or obese women. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups; a) a balanced diet plus 30 g/day milled Flaxseed and b) a balanced diet plus 30g/day milled rice (as control group), for 12 weeks. Anthropometric indices, serum lipids, leptin, and adiponectin levels were measured at baseline and at the end of intervention. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, there were significantly higher reductions in waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) (both P<0.05) in the flaxseed group compared to the controls. Moreover, adiponectin level was significantly increased in the flaxseed group (17.15±6.1) compared to the controls (16.83±10.5), (P=0.001). However, there were no significant differences in serum lipid levels between the study groups before and after the intervention (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Flaxseed consumption may improve adiposity markers, as well as adiponectin levels Thus, flaxseed consumption could be an adjunctive therapy to attenuate central obesity. Serum lipid profile has not changed significantly after flaxseed consumption. Keywords: obesity, flaxseed, adiponectin, Leptin, blood lipids

Background: There are few studies which have shown inconsistent results regarding the associations between dietary acid load (DAL) and the risk of cancer. This study aimed to examine the association between DAL and prostate cancer (PC) risk among Iranian population. Methods: One hundred and twenty participants (60 controls and 60 newly diagnosed PC patients) engaged in a hospital-based case-control study. Validated 160-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess usual dietary intakes. DAL was calculated using potential renal acid load (PRAL) and the net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios. Results: Both PRAL (OR=5.44; 95% CI= (2.09-14.17)) and NEAP (OR=4.88; 95% CI= (2.22-13.41)) were associated with increased risk of PC in crude model. After adjusting for potential confounders (energy intake, smoking, physical activity, ethnicity, job, education, and some drugs usage) compared to the first category, being in the third category of PRAL (OR=3.42; 95% CI= (1.11-8.65)) and NEAP (OR=3.88; 95% CI= (1.26-9.55)) was associated with increased risk of PC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DAL could be associated with increased risk of PC. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are needed to confirm these findings.