This study aimed to research the effects of forest (Pinus elliottii, slash pine) and shrub (Vitex trifolia) plantation on the soil microbial community in sandification land by using the Illumina Miseq sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA genes and combined with the soil properties analysis to explore the driving factors. Finally, the results showed that the dominant bacterial phylum was Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria, the shrub and forest plantation significantly increasing the proportion of Acidobacteria, while decreasing the proportion of Proteobacteria. For the fungal community, forest plantation was significantly changing the community structure at the phylum level that shifted from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota, and the ectomycorrhizal fungi take the most abundant with genus Rhizopogon predominant. The soil bacterial Chao1 and Shannon indices were significantly increased after revegetation, while the soil fungal Shannon diversity in the forest land that significantly correlated with soil total organic carbon and C/N was lower than that in the sandy and shrub land (p<0.05). Besides, the bacterial and fungal communities were significantly affected by soil water content among all analyzed soil properties. Our results suggest that the revegetation significantly increasing the soil bacterial diversity that correlated with soil water content, total organic carbon, and available phosphorus, but there was no significant change in community structure. In contrast, slash pine plantation changes the fungal community structure and diversity dramatically, and such changes should be attention because the shift of fungi community structure and diversity may lead to the decline of Pinaceae plantation.