ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Smoking is the major risk factor for development of bladder cancer (BC). We evaluated the rate and the time of cessation of smoking in patients with BC and analysed the effect of ongoing smoking at recurrence and progression. METHODS: All patients were informed at the time of BC diagnosis about the correlation between smoking and BC and strictly warned to quit smoking. The demographic properties, pathologic characteristics and smoking status of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Both the patients and the family members were questioned to evaluate the smoking status of the patient during the follow-up period. The disease recurrence and progression was correlated with the habitual attitude of patients in terms of smoking status. RESULTS: A total of 245 patients were included to the study. The mean follow-up period was 37.3±27.8 months (7-143 months). There were 102(41.6%) patients who were smoker and 143(58.4%) patients who were non-smoker at the time of diagnosis. Among the smoker patients, 34(33.3%) stopped smoking after the diagnosis of BC. The median smoking cessation time was 1.5 months and 64.7% of these patients stopped smoking in the first six months after the diagnosis. The Cox regression model did not show any relationship between the smoking status and recurrence/progression. CONCLUSION: The rate of cessation of smoking at BC patients was low. The first months of the diagnosis were the most suitable period for the patients to stop smoking. The smoking status after the diagnosis was not related with the tumor recurrence and progression.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the re-transurethral resection (re-TUR) pathologies and the comparison of pathology results between transurethral resection of bladder (TUR-B) and re-TUR for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Additionally we assessed the factors affecting the re-TUR pathology and tried to define the more valuable re-TUR patient groups. We also aimed to evaluate the effect of re-TUR on recurrence and progression. METHODS: We performed re-TUR to intermediate/high risk NMIBC patients, 4-6 weeks after the index TUR-B. Both TUR-B and re-TUR pathology characteristics, including tumor stage, grade, size, number, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), carcinoma in situ (CIS), variant pathology and intermediate/high risk status were analysed. The recurrence and progression rates were also evaluated according to re-TUR. RESULTS: A total of 78 patients with NMIBC were included to the study. The index TUR-B pathologies were Ta-Low: 6 (7,7%), Ta-High: 5 (6,4%), T1-Low: 14 (17,9%), T1-High: 53 (67,9%). Re-TUR positivity was n: 40 (51 %), and upstaging/upgrading at re-TUR was n: 11 (14 %) in all groups. Re-TUR positivity was significantly higher in high-risk compared to intermediate-risk NMIBC (p:0,026). Re-TUR positivity was higher in patients with hydronephrosis, CIS, LVI, differentiation, size (>3 cm) and multiple tumour presence (p<0,05). There was no significant relationship between recurrence / progression and re-TUR (p>0,05). CONCLUSION: Residual tumour was common after the index TUR-B and upstaging after re-TUR was very important. Re-TUR is critically important in high-risk NMIBC, presence of hydronephrosis, CIS, LVI, variant pathology, size (>3 cm) and multiple number of tumor.