Bifunctional lipids in tumor vaccines: an outstanding delivery carrier
and promising immune stimulator
Abstract
Cancer is still a major threat for human life, and the cancer
immunotherapy can be more optimized to prolong life. However, the effect
of immunotherapy is not encouraging. In order to achieve outstanding
immune effect, it is necessary to strengthen antigens uptake of antigen
presenting cells. Adjuvants were added to vaccines to achieve this
purpose, which could be divided into two types: as an immunostimulatory
molecule, the innate immunities of the body were triggered; or as a
delivery carrier, and antigens were cross-delivery through the
“cytoplasmic pathway” and released at a specific location. This paper
reviewed the relevant research status of tumor vaccine immune adjuvants
in recent years. Among the review, the function, combination strategies
and derivatives of lipid A were discussed in detail. In addition, some
suggestions on the existing problems and research direction of lipids as
tumor vaccine adjuvants were put forward.