The association between diet quality scores with sleep quality among
employees: A cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background: Various studies show that the quality of sleep, in employees
can be effective in improving the quality and performance of their work.
Numerous factors such as nutrition and diet can affect the quality of
sleep of people, especially employees. This study was performed to
investigate the relationship between food quality scores (HEI, DII and
DASH score) and sleep quality in employees. Materials and methods: The
present cross-sectional study was performed on 211 employees with a mean
age of 38.75±11.31. Nutritional status of individuals was determined
through the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and to assess sleep
quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)was used which
contains questions about delay, duration, sleep effectiveness, sleep
disorders, sleeping pills and daily dysfunction. The quality of sleep
decreases with increasing Pittsburgh index score. The calculated dietary
quality scores include DASH Dietary Adherence Index, Healthy Nutrition
Index (HEI) and Diet Inflammation Index (DII). Results: The results of
this study after adjusting for confounding factors including age, sex,
daily energy intake and BMI showed a significant positive relationship
between DASH diet score and sleep duration (p <0.001). There
was a significant negative relationship between HEI score and total
score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (P = 0.003). Also, HEI score had
a significant positive relationship with sleep duration in the
unmodified and modified models (p <0.001), and a significant
negative relationship was seen in unadjusted and modified model between
DII score and sleep duration (p <0.001). Conclusion: DASH and
HEI score had a significant positive relationship with sleep duration
and DII had a significant negative relationship with sleep duration. HEI
also significantly improved sleep quality.